switzerland crime rate 2022

This included quelling rebellions, maintaining peace, and protecting the English, During the American Revolution, the king of England was George III. Federal Income Tax Tables. Selected indicators for Switzerland Population 8.7 million Data service is momentarily unavailable. In the last 25 years, the rate of violent crime in the US has fallen dramatically. The number of criminal pornography offenses increased by 56.1% to 2,837. )permanent pasture: 27.9% (2018 est. New in Switzerland? )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 32% (2015 est. Its economic and political stability, transparent legal system, exceptional infrastructure, efficient capital markets, and low corporate tax rates also make Switzerland one of the world's most competitive economies. )solar: 3.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Switzerland: Because it boasts one of the lowest crime rates in the world, Switzerland is considered one of the safest places to live. [51], Cases of sexual abuse reported in the Catholic Dhurch rose from 9 cases in 2012 to 65 in 2017 (63% of victims were 16 or younger and 27% were 12 or younger). )transmission/distribution losses: 4.19 billion kWh (2020 est. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. )$11.067 billion (2020 est. Store cash and credit cards in separate pockets of clothing, and always close to the body. Crime rates appear to decline with strict law regulations and harsh penalties. Thus, immigrants from Germany, France and Austria had a significantly lower crime rate than Swiss citizens (60% to 80%), while immigrants from Angola, Nigeria and Algeria had a crime rate of above 600% of that of Swiss population. Add data for Zurich Crime rates in Zurich, Switzerland Safety in Zurich, Switzerland Contributors: 288 Last update: January 2023 These data are based on perceptions of visitors of this website in the past 3 years. If the value is 0, it means it is perceived as very low, and if the value is 100, it means it is perceived as very high. In Switzerland, 77% felt safe, which compared favorably to the OECD average of 67%. [65], The crime rate among resident foreigners ("immigrant criminality") is significantly higher (by a factor 3.7 counting convictions under criminal law in 2003). The most common crimes are theft and criminal damage. The Swiss. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Medical, psychological, social, financial, and legal assistance are available. so Alard du Bois-Reymond, director of the, Banking in Switzerland Connection to illegal activities, real estate sector in Switzerland is still an attractive place to introduce funds of illegal origin, List of countries by intentional homicide rate, "Kriminalitt, Strafvollzug Daten, Indikatoren; Verurteilungen: Jugendliche und Erwachsene; Verurteilungen 20132014", "Kriminalitt, Strafvollzug Daten, Indikatoren; Verurteilungen: Jugendliche und Erwachsene; Verurteilte Personen 2014", Kriminalitt, Strafvollzug Daten, Indikatoren: Verurteile Personen: Jugendliche und Erwachsene, "Swiss youths admit to shoplifting and vandalism, study found", "Why most of Switzerland's prisoners are not Swiss", "Survey finds abuse in more than a third of Swiss companies", "FINMA - Combating money laundering in the context of financial market supervision", "Record reached for suspected money-laundering reports", "Switzerland should get tougher on money-laundering, says report", "Credit Suisse faces verdict in cocaine-cash trial", "Credit Suisse Hit with Historic Money Laundering Conviction", "SWISS JUSTICE MINISTER RESIGNS AMID SCANDAL - The Washington Post", "Banking secrecy remains a business model for Swiss banks", "Does dirty money need banking secrecy to thrive? ), total dependency ratio: 51.6youth dependency ratio: 22.8elderly dependency ratio: 28.7potential support ratio: 3.5 (2021 est. In between these extremes were immigrants from former Yugoslavia, with crime rates of between 210% and 300% of the Swiss value.[69]. Switch to the accessible table representation. In 2017, there was an 89 percent decline. ), Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar -0.914 (2021 est. Switzerlands crime rates and the legal system. [64], In 2020, Swiss courts dealt with 52 major cases of economic crime that amounted to CHF355 million ($384 million) in losses. These can vary depending on the amount and type of narcotics carried. (Italian)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. In 2017, 9% of adolescents and young adults aged 1524 reported having used cannabis in the past month. South Africa - 72.10. )exports: 32.549 billion kWh (2020 est. In 2007, the Small Arms Survey found that Switzerland had the third-highest ratio of civilian firearms per 100 residents (46), outdone by only the US (89) and Yemen (55). 1.5% admitted to burglary, 1.1% to vehicle theft. 'Article 18.' ), $1.909 trillion (2019 est. )expenditures: 234.4 billion (2017 est. This year's crime figures nevertheless provide a glimmer of hope as the number of offences has fallen overall. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. In 2021, CHF 4.8 million was paid out to crime victims by the compensation authorities and the victim consultation centres provided consultations in 44 633 cases. )percent of population: 94% (2020 est. Lucky is one of the reasons weve been able to stay stable. [15][25], Regulation of money laundering in Switzerland includes the Federal Act on Combating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing in the Financial Sector (Anti-Money Laundering Act, AMLA) which requires financial intermediaries such as investment banks or insurance companies to comply with due diligence and disclosure requirements. Growth rate: 0.7% Income inequality Equality Inequality Education Mathematics 5 /41 Rank 6 /41 Rank CO 2 emissions 3.8 tonnes per capita GDP 75 951 US$ per capita Data service is momentarily unavailable. His father, James I, had tried to unite the country. Our English pages offer only a limited range of information on our statistical production. )government consumption: 12% (2017 est. Suicide rates > Suicide rate (both sexes) : Suicides per 100'000 residents per year. to. There are 95 million people in the world. 18.50. )note: includes federal, cantonal, and municipal budgets, 20.91% of GDP (2020 est. . There were 45 homicides in the country last year out of a total population of 7.95 million. George III was a very unpopular king in America., Becoming a crime scene investigator requires completing an accredited college degree program in criminal justice, forensics, or a related field. This law, proposed by the Swiss People's Party, called for the automatic expulsion of non-Swiss offenders convicted of a number of crimes, including murder, breaking and entry and even welfare fraud. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. Switzerland crime rate & statistics for 2019 was 0.54, a 8.71% decline from 2018. )0.978 (2018 est. Laminated safety glass or similar films applied to glass windows and doors that are accessible from the outside make it difficult for burglars. which country has lowest crime rate in the world? In Europe and around the world, Switzerland is one of the least dangerous countries. Figures expressed per million population for the same year. ), total: 17 yearsmale: 17 yearsfemale: 17 years (2020), total: 9.1%male: 9.4%female: 8.8% (2021 est. They focus on the offences recorded by the police: offences against the Swiss Criminal Code (SCC . State of the database: 17.02.2022. [19], In February 2022, the European People's Party of the European Parliament proposed reviewing Swiss banking practices and money laundering status in response to the Suisse secrets leaks, asking the European Commission to reclassify Switzerland as a high-risk country for financial crime. These charges can also carry heavy penalties. Assistance for a longer period of time is also free if the victims personal situation calls for it. In 2021, 11 315 sentences and measures have been implemented. For some models, there is a device that allows you to automatically delete all stored data. [30], Cannabis use among adolescents and young adults in Switzerland has increased significantly within ten years. ), 0-14 years: 15.34% (male 664,255/female 625,252)15-24 years: 10.39% (male 446,196/female 426,708)25-54 years: 42.05% (male 1,768,245/female 1,765,941)55-64 years: 13.48% (male 569,717/female 563,482)65 years and over: 18.73% (male 699,750/female 874,448) (2020 est. )imports: 26.988 billion kWh (2020 est. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. [78][79], According to the Swiss attorney general in 2022, one of Switzerland's "great weaknesses" is that his federal agency has no national overview to combat organized crime because of the federal structure of Switzerland and the relative independence of the cantons. For our full range please consult our pages in French and German (top right hand screen). What country has the lowest crime rate? If you or someone you know becomes the victim of a crime you should contact the local police. )$1.083 trillion (31 December 2020 est. All rights reserved. 1,673 of the 6,863 were on rehab, of which 49% were foreigners with no fixed residence in Switzerland. There are 95 million people in the world. The telephone numbers for the emergency services are: Switzerland has programs to assist victims of crime and their immediate relatives. Driving speeds in Switzerland are also much slower than in the rest of Europe and vary from area to area. The description is composed by our digital data assistant. [15], Supervisory body FINMA can warn banks of the risks they are taking following "suspicious activity reports", but the decision to accept a customer is ultimately up to the bank - with banks fearing to lose their customers to foreign or domestic competitors in some cases. In Switzerland, violent crime is relatively low. Zurich has a higher proportion of violent crime, particularly aggravated assault and crimes of a sexual nature. About two-thirds of the victims were trafficked for sexual purposes, the rest for labour exploitation and criminal activities.[81]. The full report listed 24 nationalities plus the crime rate of Swiss citizens (fixed at 100%), and the average value of all foreign citizens combined, at 160%. Police crime statistics (PCS): The police crime statistics have been revised and since 2009 have provided information on the number, structure and growth of recorded offences, as well as on victims and defendants. In Switzerland, police registered a total of 432,000 offenses under the Criminal Code in 2019 (0.2% compared with previous year), of which were 110,140 or 25.5% cases of thefts (excluding vehicles, 2.0%), and 41,944 or 9.7% cases of thefts of vehicles (including bicycles, 10.1%), 46 killings and 161 attempted murders. )18.68% of GDP (2018 est. ), 38.739 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 60,900 bbl/day (2018 est. The following are some guidelines when it comes to personal safety: Pickpockets often act as a group utilizing diversionary tactics including: Particularly risky places include: crowds, stations, airports, public transport, queues, historic monuments, markets, shopping centers, and pedestrian lights. There was no crime rate or statistics in Switzerland in 2016. While for minor offenses the SCC provides for two types of sentence: fines and community service. Here are the top 10 safest countries in the world. Switzerland Murder/Homicide Rate Historical Data, King Leopold II of Belgium was born in Brussels on April 9, 1835, the second child of King Leopold I of Belgium and Louise-Marie of Orlans. Local police can help you apply for this. [27][28], As of 2017[update] drug use was the most common reason why people aged 1018 were reported by police (being filed, being fined, or reported to justice), however dealing has been diminished since 2010. F17,800.00. Almost two-thirds (61%) of the population believe that crime has increased in recent years and 68.8% think that crimes committed by foreigners have become more frequent in Switzerland, according . Individuals highly suspected of a crime are generally placed under police detention until such time as their case can be heard by the Magistrate. )wind: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. In January 2015, the SNB abandoned the Swiss francs peg to the euro, roiling global currency markets and making active SNB intervention a necessary hallmark of present-day Swiss monetary policy. SVG, Swiss Traffic Regulations). The situation is not crazy in the country and there are no violent crimes. By European standards, Switzerland has a relatively low crime rate and most people will not come into contact with the legal system. Travelers are advised to carefully observe the posted speed limits. Theft and criminal damage are the most common crimes. In international comparison, Switzerland's pregnancy termination rate is low. Switzerland crime rate & statistics for 2018 was 0.59, a 10.2% increasefrom 2017. )forest: 31.5% (2018 est. 66% of persons have been incarcerated, 30% provided a community service and 4% have served their sentence under electronic surveillance. why is switzerland the safest country to live in? As a young man,, In Georgia, adultery is considered a felony offense punishable by up to ten years in prison. Switzerland is one of the worlds safest countries for food security and is among the ten most peaceful countries for ongoing domestic and international conflict. Expatica helps make your expat journey the experience you've always wanted. Upon returning, you need a copy of this statement to make an insurance claim. The Loteria Primitiva is a form of advance fee fraud. Iceland has one of the lowest crime rates in the world, especially violent crime, making it one of the safest countries. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Victims can get assistance at counseling services all over the country in medical, psychological, social, financial, or legal matters. In 1934, the authorities of the Canton of Basel-Stadt criminalized anti-Jewish hate speech, e.g., the accusation of ritual murders, mostly in reaction against a pro-Nazi antisemitic group and newspaper, the Volksbund. )$854.929 billion (31 December 2019 est. Try to work with your neighbors to protect against burglaries. Taxable Income Threshold. 53, a 0. Backlinks from other websites and blogs are the lifeblood of our site and are our primary source of new traffic. If you do go to court the fines can range from CHF 500 1,000 as well as any other penalties the court deems appropriate. There are fewer robberies in this area, however, due to the fact that the residents have more money. The countrys population is generally very wealthy, which makes it relatively safe to live in. )major-language sample(s): Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle fr grundlegende Informationen. It appears at first glance that Switzerland is becoming an increasingly safe place to live. There are many online and campus-based programs that offer this, When Charles I became king of England in 1625, he inherited a country that was in religious and political turmoil. Online fraud and hacking were each admitted by 2.7%. [24], According to SFAO, the real estate sector in Switzerland is still an attractive place to introduce funds of illegal origin into the legal financial circuit. Here are robust grids, particularly if they are located in depth, which provide effective protection. Though Switzerland rape rate fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to decrease through 2006 - 2015 period ending at 6.4 cases per 100,000 population in 2015. )crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est. )consumption: 56.407 billion kWh (2020 est. Chart: Crime Index. Fitch rating: AAA (2000)Moody's rating: Aaa (1982)Standard & Poors rating: AAA (1988)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. ), 4.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est. )methane emissions: 4.98 megatons (2020 est. Driving under the influence of alcohol can lead to heavy fines and/or a ban from driving or in severe cases, a jail sentence, depending on the percentage of alcohol in the blood. Install windows that meet the resistance class 2 (WK2), ENV 1627-1630. We are a team of dedicated journalists and writers who strive to bring you the best news and stories from around the world. Be especially vigilant in the airports and railway stations in Zurich and Geneva; these locations experience multiple incidents of petty theft almost every day. Switzerland crime rate & statistics for 2019 was 0.54, a 8.71% declinefrom 2018. The Swiss have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the EU's to gain access to the Unions Single Market and enhance the countrys international competitiveness. By comparison, the U.S rate in the same year was about 5 firearm killings per 100,000 people, according to a 2011 U.N. report. The 10 countries with the highest rape rates per 100,000 inhabitants are listed below. Watch out for strangers and call the police emergency number (117) if you encounter suspicious people. The homicide rate is 0.7, lower than the OECD average of 2.1 and ranking Switzerland sixth out of 36 OECD countries. agriculture: 0.7% (2017 est. [32], According to a recent study, 5 Swiss cities (St Gallen, Bern, Zurich, Basel and Geneva) were listed among top 10 European cities for cocaine use. 14.07.2017 - Marc Lettau. Drug possession carries heavy fines and prison terms in Switzerland. Intentional homicide does not include all intentional killing; the difference is usually in the organization of the killing. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. In terms of ranking, it ranks 58th, just behind Romania and ahead of Russia. This was the largest case of drug-related money laundering to become public. ), total: 4,028,238 (2020 est. [44], In 2019, computer-related infractions include the fraudulent misuse of a computer (5,583 cases in 2019, a rise of 598 relative to 2018) and pornography-related offenses (2,387 cases, a jump of over 50%). )services: 73.7% (2017 est. If the victim pays the sum claimed, that will be the last they hear from the criminals. Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and the country was not involved in either of the two World Wars. The independent SNB has upheld its zero-interest rate policy and conducted major market interventions to prevent further appreciation of the Swiss franc, but parliamentarians have urged it to do more to weaken the currency. Switzerland. Convictions for rape have also slightly increased, fluctuating between 500 and 600 cases per year in the period 1985 to 1995, but between 600 and 700 cases in the period 2000 to 2005. As the proposal makes deportation mandatory, it denies judges any judicial discretion over deportation. Download Historical Data Save as Image Data Source: World Bank MLA Citation: Switzerland is generally one of the safer countries in the world. [21], According to the Basel Institute on Governance in 2022, Switzerland ranks 95th out of 129 countries when it comes to money laundering and corruption risks. While 17.5% of the population lives in the canton, it accounts for 30.9% of aggravated assault and 31.7% of sexual crimes. is switzerland the safest place in the world? Australia - 91.92. $618.228 billion (2021 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 4.22% (2021 est. [3] The crime rate is highest in Zurich, Geneva, Vaud, and Bern. In Switzerland, violent crime is relatively low. [80], The number of victims of human trafficking in Switzerland allegedly increased by 50% between 2019 and 2021 from 142 to 207. Geneva, on the other hand, has a relatively high incidence of crimes of theft. Roman Catholic 34.4%, Protestant 22.5%, other Christian 5.7%, Muslim 5.4%, other 1.5%, none 29.4%, unspecified 1.1% (2020 est. In Switzerland, police registered a total of 432,000 offenses under the Criminal Code in 2019 (0.2% compared with previous year), of which were 110,140 or 25.5% cases of thefts (excluding vehicles, 2.0%), and 41,944 or 9.7% cases of thefts of vehicles (including bicycles, 10.1%), 46 killings and 161 attempted murders. For example, exceeding the speed limit by 6 10 km/h will incur a fine of CHF 60 on the autobahn but CHF 120 within the city limits. In 2011, the police crime statistics of the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) recorded 692,954 criminal offenses, an increase of 6% on 2010 (+31,980 offenses). )consumption: 3,616,169,000 cubic meters (2019 est. In the message to potential victims, scammers promise a fabulous gain provided that the winners take some specified action. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2020 est. ), total: 42.7 yearsmale: 41.7 yearsfemale: 43.7 years (2020 est. [47] Rape is punished by a prison sentence of one to ten years. German (or Swiss German) (official) 62.1%, French (official) 22.8%, Italian (official) 8%, English 5.7%, Portuguese 3.5%, Albanian 3.3%, Serbo-Croatian 2.3%, Spanish 2.3%, Romansh (official) 0.5%, other 7.9%; note - German, French, Italian, and Romansh are all national and official languages; shares sum to more than 100% because respondents could indicate more than one main language (2019 est. Switzerland murder/homicide rate for 2019 was 0.54, a 8.71% decline from 2018. Download Historical Data Each of these countries has a very effective law enforcement system, and Denmark, Norway, and Japan have some of the most restrictive gun laws in the world as well. Botswana - 92.93. Switzerland's economy benefits from a highly developed service sector, led by financial services, and a manufacturing industry that specializes in high-technology, knowledge-based production. There were 45 homicides in the country last year out of a total population of 7.95 million. )from petroleum and other liquids: 31.494 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. [38][39], In 2022, a near all-time record Brazilian shipment of 500kg of cocaine was intercepted by the Swiss authorities at a Nespresso factory in Fribourg. ", "EU Parliament's top group suggests blacklisting Switzerland after Credit Suisse leaks", "Dirty money remains threat to society, says watchdog", "De l'argent sale entre encore en Suisse", "Ukraine urges Switzerland to clamp down on Russian money", "Lutte contre les fonds illicites l'Arsenal contre le blanchiment sera renforc ds janvier", "Suisse la lutte contre le blanchiment d'argent sera consolide", "Bin Laden linked to Swiss bank accounts", "Youth crime: more drug use, less dealing", "Why Swiss cities dominate the cocaine hit parade", "Cancer cases and cannabis use on the rise in Switzerland", "What people in Switzerland are addicted to", "Zurich is Europe's weekend cocaine capital", "Youth crime: More drug use, less dealing", "Swiss cocaine market estimated at five tonnes a year", "Le march des stupfiants dans le canton de Vaud. [49], In 2018 alone, the FBI reported 9,000 cases of child pornography and pedo-criminality originating in Switzerland, to the Swiss authorities (FedPol). Consistent with these trends, convictions for threats or violence directed against officials has consistently risen in the same period, from 348 in 1990 to 891 in 2003.[4][5]. [15], SFAO also points to loopholes in the commodities sector, particularly the purchase of materials for smelting, which is partially excluded from the monitoring of raw materials origins. )$70,900 (2019 est. Use a password for mobile phones and other smartphones, tablets, and notebooks. what country has the lowest crime rate and why? [22][23], Under current rules, banking institutions and cantonal authorities can only report whats in their registers looking into the origins of assets or connections between individuals is not permitted (2022). According to a survey about juvenile crimes in 2021, 6.4% of respondents aged 14 and 15 admitted participating in a group fight. What is the United States?? ), air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from agricultural fertilizers; chemical contaminants and erosion damage the soil and limit productivity; loss of biodiversity, party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 10.21 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 0.58% (2021 est. Shutters must be secured so they cannot be raised from the outside. In 2021 the number of juvenile convictions amounts to 20'902 cases. A 250-page report claims that South Sudan is the most dangerous country in the world. 5.5% trafficked or assisted in trafficking drugs. ), conventional long form: Swiss Confederationconventional short form: Switzerlandlocal long form: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German)/ Confederation Suisse (French)/ Confederazione Svizzera (Italian)/ Confederaziun Svizra (Romansh)local short form: Schweiz (German)/ Suisse (French)/ Svizzera (Italian)/ Svizra (Romansh)abbreviation: CHetymology: name derives from the canton of Schwyz, one of the founding cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy that formed in the 14th century, federal republic (formally a confederation), name: Berngeographic coordinates: 46 55 N, 7 28 Etime difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in Octoberetymology: origin of the name is uncertain but may derive from a 2nd century B.C. The global financial crisis of 2008 and resulting economic downturn in 2009 stalled demand for Swiss exports and put Switzerland into a recession. )nuclear: 34.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. In Switzerland, there are several reasons for low crime rates, including good education (people who are educated and can get good jobs are less likely to commit crime), a strong welfare state that ensures people dont have to steal to live and become junkies. This is at the discretion of the individual police officer. )from consumed natural gas: 6.926 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. The fate of the Swiss economy is tightly linked to that of its neighbors in the euro zone, which purchases half of Swiss exports. [61], Council of Europe's Group of State Against Corruption (GRECO) in its evaluation report noted that specificities of Switzerland's institutions which enjoy considerable public confidence. Celtic place name, possibly "berna" meaning "cleft," that was subsequently adopted by a Roman settlement, 26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; Kantone, singular - Kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Berne/Bern, Fribourg/Freiburg, Geneve (Geneva), Glarus, Graubuenden/Grigioni/Grischun, Jura, Luzern (Lucerne), Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais/Wallis, Vaud, Zug, Zuerichnote: the canton names are in the official language(s) of the canton with the exception of Geneve and Luzern, where the conventional names (Geneva and Lucerne) have been added in parentheses; 6 of the cantons - Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Nidwalden, Obwalden - are referred to as half cantons because they elect only one member (instead of two) to the Council of States and, in popular referendums where a majority of popular votes and a majority of cantonal votes are required, these 6 cantons only have a half vote, 1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation), Founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1291; note - since 1 August 1891 celebrated as Swiss National Day, history: previous 1848, 1874; latest adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, effective 1 January 2000amendments: proposed by the two houses of the Federal Assembly or by petition of at least onehundred thousandvoters (called the "federal popular initiative"); passage of proposals requires majority vote in a referendum; following drafting of an amendment by the Assembly, its passage requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and approval by the majority of cantons; amended many times, last in 2018, civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, except for federal decrees of a general obligatory character, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Switzerlanddual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 12 years including at least 3 of the last 5 years prior to application, chief of state: President of the Swiss Confederation Ignazio CASSIS (since 1 January 2022); Vice President Alain BERSET (since 1 January 2022); note - the Federal Council, comprised of 7 federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate the 1-year term of federal presidenthead of government: President of the Swiss Confederation Ignazio CASSIS (since 1 January 2022); Vice President Alain BERSET (since 1 January 2022)cabinet: Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) indirectly elected by the Federal Assembly for a 4-year termelections/appointments: president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among members of the Federal Council for a 1-year, non-consecutive term; election last held on 8 December 2021 (next to be held in December 2022)election results: 2021: Ignazio CASSIS elected president for 2022; Federal Assembly vote - Ignazio CASSIS (FDP.The Liberals) 156 of 197 votes; Alain BERSET (SP) elected vice president; Federal Assembly vote - 158 of 2042020: Guy PARMELIN elected president for 2021; Federal Assembly vote - Guy PARMELIN (SVP) 188 of 202 votes; Ignazio CASSIS (FDP.The Liberals) elected vice president; Federal Assembly vote - 162 of 191, description: bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemble Fdrale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of:Council of States or Stnderat (in German), Conseil des tats (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats; members in two-seat constituencies representing cantons and single-seat constituencies representing half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote except Jura and Neuchatel cantons, which use list proportional representation vote; member term governed by cantonal law)National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats; 194 members in cantons directly elected by proportional representation vote and 6 in half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)elections: Council of States - last held in most cantons on 20 October 2019 (each canton determines when the next election will be held)National Council - last held on 20 October 2019 (next to be held on 31 October 2023)election results: Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - The Center 13, FDP.The Liberals 12, SDP 9, Green Party 5, SVP 6, other 1; composition (as of mid-2022) - men 33, women 13, percent of women 28.3% National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 26.5%, SP 19.5%, FDP.The Liberals 15.1%, Green Party 14%, The Center 14%, GLP 7.8%, other 3.5%; seats by party - SVP 53, SP 39, FDP.The Liberals 29, Green Party 28, The Center 28, GLP 16, other 7; composition (as of mid-2022) - men 115, women 85, percent of women 42.5%; note - overall Federal Assembly percent of women 39.8%, highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of 38 justices and 19 deputy justices organized into 7 divisions)judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Federal Assembly for 6-year terms; note - judges are affiliated with political parties and are elected according to linguistic and regional criteria in approximate proportion to the level of party representation in the Federal Assemblysubordinate courts: Federal Criminal Court (established in 2004); Federal Administrative Court (established in 2007); note - each of Switzerland's 26 cantons has its own courts, Green Liberal Party (Gruenliberale Partei or GLP, Parti vert liberale or PVL, Partito Verde-Liberale or PVL, Partida Verde Liberale or PVL) [Juerg GROSSEN]Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Balthasar GLATTLI]Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SP, Parti Socialiste Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Cedric WERMUTH and Mattea MEYER]Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Marco CHIESA]The Center (Die Mitte, Alleanza del Centro, Le Centre, Allianza dal Center) [Gerhard PFISTER] (merger of the Christian Democratic People's Party and the Conservative Democratic Party)The Liberals or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen, PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali, Ils Liberals) [Petra GOESSI]other minor parties, ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC, chief of mission: Ambassador Jacques Henri PITTELOUD (since 16 September 2019)chancery: 2201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20007-4105telephone: [1] (202) 745-7900FAX: [1] (202) 387-2564email address and website: washington@eda.admin.chhttps://www.eda.admin.ch/washingtonconsulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, New York, San Franciscoconsulate(s): Boston, chief of mission: Ambassador Scott MILLER (since 11 January 2022) note - also accredited to Liechtensteinembassy: Sulgeneckstrasse 19, CH-3007 Bernmailing address: 5110 Bern Place, Washington DC 20521-5110telephone: [41] (031) 357-70-11FAX: [41] (031) 357-73-20email address and website: https://ch.usembassy.gov/, red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag; various medieval legends purport to describe the origin of the flag; a white cross used as identification for troops of the Swiss Confederation is first attested at the Battle of Laupen (1339)note: in 1863, a newly formed international relief organization convening in Geneva, Switzerland sought to come up with an identifying flag or logo: they chose the inverse of the Swiss flag - a red cross on a white field - as their symbol; today that organization is known throughout the world as the International Red Cross, Swiss cross (white cross on red field, arms equal length); national colors: red, white, name: the Swiss anthem has four names: "Schweizerpsalm" [German] "Cantique Suisse" [French] "Salmo svizzero," [Italian] "Psalm svizzer" [Romansch] (Swiss Psalm)lyrics/music: Leonhard WIDMER [German], Charles CHATELANAT [French], Camillo VALSANGIACOMO [Italian], and Flurin CAMATHIAS [Romansch]/Alberik ZWYSSIGnote: unofficially adopted 1961, officially 1981; the anthem has been popular in a number of Swiss cantons since its composition (in German) in 1841; translated into the other three official languages of the country (French, Italian, and Romansch), it is official in each of those languages, total World Heritage Sites: 13 (9 cultural, 4 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Old City of Berne (c); Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch (n); Monte San Giorgio (n); Abbey of St Gall (c); Three Castles, Defensive Wall, and Ramparts of the Market-Town of Bellinzona (c); Rhaetian Railway in the Albula/Bernina Landscapes (c); La Chaux-de-Fonds/Le Locle, Watchmaking Town Planning (c); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Benedictine Convent of St John at Mstair (c); Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces (c). 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